Q. Permanent hardness of water can be removed by which of the following process?

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Sodiumbicarbonate

Sodium chloride

Washing soda

Sodalime

Solution:

Washing soda removes both the temporary and permanent hardness by converting soluble calcium and magnesium compounds into insoluble carbonates.
$CaCl_{2}+Na_{2}CO_{3} \rightarrow CaCO_{3}+2NaCl$
$CaSO_{4}+Na_{2}CO_{3} \rightarrow CaCO_{3}+Na_{2}SO_{4}$
$Ca\left(\right.HCO_{3}\left(\left.\right)_{2}+Na_{2}CO_{3} \rightarrow CaCO_{3}+2NaHCO_{3}.$

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1. According to the Valence bond theory, which statement is incorrect regarding bonding between two carbon atoms?

2. 3. Which of the following is not found in nucleotides?

4. Hybridisation, shape and magnetic moment of $\mathrm{K}_3\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{CO}_3\right)_3\right]$ is

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5. In the reaction

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1. If for a certain reaction $\Delta_{r}H$ is $30\, kJ\, mol^{-1}$ at $450 \,K$, the value of $\Delta_{r}S$ (in $JK^{-1}\, mol^{-1})$ for which the same reaction will be spontaneous at the same temperature is

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2. If $8\,g$ of a non-electrolyte solute is dissolved in $114\, g$ of n-octane to reduce its vapour pressure to $80\%$, the molar mass (in $g \,mol^{-1})$ of the solute is [Given that molar mass of n-octane is $114 \,g\, mol^{-1}]$

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3. At standard conditions, if the change in the enthalpy for the following reaction is $-109 \,kJ\, mol^{-1}$ $H_{2(g)}+Br_{2(g)} \to 2HBr_{(g)}$ Given that bond energy of $H_{2}$ and $Br_{2}$ is $435\,KJ\,mol^{-1}$ and $192\,KJ\,mol^{-1}$ , respectively, what is the bond energy (in $KJ \,mol^{-1})$ of $HBr$ ?

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4. An organic compound contains $78 \%$ (by wt.) carbon and remaining percentage of hydrogen. The right option for the empirical formula of this compound is: [Atomic wt. of $C$ is $12, H$ is $1$]

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5. The density of 2 M aqueous solution of NaOH is 1.28 g/cm$^3$. The molality of the solution is
[Given that molecular mass of NaOH = 40 g mol$^{-1}$]

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6. Given below are half cell reactions:
$ MnO _{4}^{-}+8 H ^{+}+5 e ^{-} \rightarrow Mn ^{2+}+4 H _{2} O $
$ E _{ Mn ^{2+} / MnO _{4}^{-}}^{\circ}=-1.510\, V$
$\frac{1}{2} O _{2}+2 H ^{+}+2 e ^{-} \rightarrow H _{2} O ,$
$ E _{ O _{2} / H _{2} O }^{\circ}=+1.223 \,V$
Will the permanganate ion, $MnO _{4}^{-}$liberate $O _{2}$ from water in the presence of an acid ?

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7. In water saturated air the mole fraction of water vapour is $0.02$. If the total pressure of the saturated air is $1.2\, atm$, the partial pressure of dry air is :

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8. Following limiting molar conductivities are given as
$\lambda^{o}_{m}\left(H_{2}SO_{4}\right) \,= \,x S\, cm^{2} mol^{-1}$
$\lambda^{o}_{m}\left(K_{2}SO_{4}\right) = y S\,cm^{2} mol^{-1}$
$\lambda^{o}_{m}\left(CH_{3}COOK\right) =z S\, cm^{2} mol^{-1} $
$\lambda^{o}_{m}\left(in \,S \,cm^{2} mol^{-1}\right)$ for $CH_3COOH$ will be-

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9. One atom of an element weighs $ 1.8\times 10^{-22}g$ . Its atomic mass is

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10. In the following reaction,
$H_3C-C\equiv CH\xrightarrow [{873\, K}] {\text{red hot iron tube}}$A,
the number of sigma(s) bonds present in the product A is :-

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