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  4. Permanent hardness of water can be removed by which of the following process?

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Q. Permanent hardness of water can be removed by which of the following process?

NTA AbhyasNTA Abhyas 2022

Solution:

Washing soda removes both the temporary and permanent hardness by converting soluble calcium and magnesium compounds into insoluble carbonates.
$CaCl_{2}+Na_{2}CO_{3} \rightarrow CaCO_{3}+2NaCl$
$CaSO_{4}+Na_{2}CO_{3} \rightarrow CaCO_{3}+Na_{2}SO_{4}$
$Ca\left(\right.HCO_{3}\left(\left.\right)_{2}+Na_{2}CO_{3} \rightarrow CaCO_{3}+2NaHCO_{3}.$