NEET 2022 BotanyBiology Questions with Answers Key Solutions

Q1. Which one of the following never occurs during mitotic cell division?

A

Coiling and condensation of the chromatids

B

Spindle fibres attach to kinetochores of chromosomes

C

Movement of centrioles towards opposite poles

D

Pairing of homologous chromosomes

Q2. Which one of the following statements cannot be connected to Predation?

A

It is necessitated by nature to maintain the ecological balance

B

It helps in maintaining species diversity in a community

C

It might lead to extinction of a species

D

Both the interacting species are negatively impacted

Q3. Which one of the following plants does not show plasticity ?

A

Maize

B

Cotton

C

Coriander

D

Buttercup

Q4. The flowers are Zygomorphic in:
(a) Mustard
(b) Gulmohar
(c) Cassia
(d) Datura
(e) Chilly
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

A

(c), (d), (e) Only

B

(a), (b), (c) Only

C

(b), (c) Only

D

(d), (e) Only

Q5. Which one of the following is not true regarding the release of energy during ATP synthesis through chemiosmosis? It involves :

A

Reduction of NADP to $NADPH _{2}$ on the stroma side of the membrane

B

Breakdown of proton gradient

C

Breakdown of electron gradient

D

Movement of protons across the membrane to the stroma

Q6. Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Polymerase chain reaction is used in DNA amplification
Reason (R): The ampicillin resistant gene is used as a selectable marker to check transformation In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

A

(A) is not correct but (R) is correct

B

Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

C

Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of $( A )$

D

(A) is correct but (R) is not correct

Q7. Habitat loss and fragmentation, over exploitation, alien species invasion and co-extinction are causes for:

A

Natality

B

Population explosion

C

Competition

D

Biodiversity loss

Q8. Given below are two statements:
Statement I : The primary $CO _{2}$ acceptor in $C _{4}$ plants is phosphoenolpyruvate and is found in the mesophyll cells.
Statement II : Mesophyll cells of $C _{4}$ plants lack RuBisCo enzyme. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

A

Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

B

Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

C

Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

D

Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

Q9. Identify the incorrect statement related to Pollination:

A

Moths and butterflies are the most dominant pollinating agents among insects

B

Pollination by water is quite rare in flowering plants

C

Pollination by wind is more common amongst abiotic pollination

D

Flowers produce foul odours to attract flies and beetles to get pollinated

Q10. Hydrocolloid carrageen is obtained from :

A

Phaeophyceae only

B

Chlorophyceae and Phaeophyceae

C

Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae

D

Rhodophyceae only

Q11. The appearance of recombination nodules on homologous chromosomes during meiosis characterizes :

A

Terminalization

B

Synaptonemal complex

C

Bivalent

D

Sites at which crossing over occurs

Q12. Which one of the following statement is not true regarding gel electrophoresis technique?

A

Bright orange coloured bands of DNA can be observed in the gel when exposed to UV light.

B

The process of extraction of separated DNA strands from gel is called elution.

C

The separated DNA fragments are stained by using ethidium bromide.

D

The presence of chromogenic substrate gives blue coloured DNA bands on the gel.

Q13. The gaseous plant growth regulator is used in plants to :

A

kill dicotyledonous weeds in the fields

B

speed up the malting process

C

promote root growth and roothair formation to increase the absorption surface

D

help overcome apical dominance

Q14. Read the following statements about the vascular bundles:
(a) In roots, xylem and phloem in a vascular bundle are arranged in an alternate manner along the different radii.
(b) Conjoint closed vascular bundles do not possess cambium
(c) In open vascular bundles, cambium is present in between xylem and phloem
(d) The vascular bundles of dicotyledonous stem possess endarch protoxylem
(e) In monocotyledonous root, usually there are more than six xylem bundles present
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A

(a),(c),(d) and (e) Only

B

(a), (b) and (d) Only

C

(b), (c), (d) and (e) Only

D

none

Q15. Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

A

Volvox-Starch

B

Ectocarpus - Fucoxanthin

C

Ulothrix - Mannitol

D

Porphyra - Floridian Starch

Q16. What amount of energy is released from glucose during lactic acid fermentation ?

A

Less than $7\%$

B

Approximately $15 \%$

C

More than $18 \%$

D

About $ 10\%$

Q17. XO type of sex determination can be found in:

A

Monkeys

B

Drosophila

C

Birds

D

Grasshoppers

Q18. What is the net gain of ATP when each molecule of glucose is converted to two molecules of pyruvic acid ?

A

Eight

B

Four

C

Six

D

Two

Solution:

Glucose is the first cycle of aerobic respiration. It produces two pyruvate molecules, a net gain of two ATP molecules and two $NADH_ _2$ molecules at the end of the cycle. In glycolysis, 2 molecules of ATP are produced during conversion of 1, 3-biphosphoglyceric acid to 3-phosphoglyceric acid and 2-phosphoenol pyruvic acid to pyruvic acid each. However, out of these 4 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules are utilized during conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-diphosphate. During the conversion of 2 molecules of 1, 3-diphosphoglyceraldehyde into 2 molecules of 1, 3-diphosphoglyceric acid, 2 molecules of $NADH_ 2$ are formed. During aerobic respiration, each $NADH_ 2$ forms 3 ATP and water. Hence, net gain of ATP molecules in glycolysis is 2 ATP + 6 ATP = 8 ATP. Thus, the correct answer is '8.'

Q19. Match List - I with List - II.

List I List II

a Manganese i Activates the enzyme catalase

b Magnesium ii Required for pollen germination

c Boron iii Activates enzymes of respiration

d Iron iv Functions in splitting of water during photosynthesis

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A

(a) - (iii), (b) - (i), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv)

B

(a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii)

C

(a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)

D

(a) - (iv), (b)-(i), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iii)

Q20. "Girdling Experiment" was performed by Plant Physiologists to identify the plant tissue through which :

A

osmosis is observed

B

Water is transported

C

food is transported

D

for both water and food transportation

Solution:

The experiment that is used to identify the tissue through which food is transported is Girdling experiment. In this experiment, a ring of bark (phloem) is removed from the wood by a technique known as girdling. Since the woody xylem part present on the inner side remains intact, water and nutrient reach the leaves. but after photosynthesis, food is not transported to other parts below the girdle since the phloem part is removed. So it is observed that there is an accumulation of the food/sugar just above the girdle region. This experiment shows that the phloem tissue aids food transport.

Q21. Which of the following is not a method of ex situ conservation?

A

Cryopreservation

B

In vitro fertilization

C

National Parks

D

Micropropagation

Q22. Given below are two statements:
Statement I : Decomposition is a process in which the detritus is degraded into simpler substances by microbes.
Statement II : Decomposition is faster if the detritus is rich in lignin and chitin In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

A

Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

B

Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

C

Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

D

Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

Q23. Read the following statements and choose the set of correct statements :
(a) Euchromatin is loosely packed chromatin
(b) Heterochromatin is transcriptionally active
(c) Histone octomer is wrapped by negatively charged DNA in nucleosome
(d) Histones are rich in lysine and arginine
(e) A typical nucleosome contains $400 \,bp$ of DNA helix
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A

(a), (c), (e) Only

B

(b), (d), (e) Only

C

(a), (c), (d) Only

D

(b), (e) Only

Q24. Identify the correct set of statements :
(a) The leaflets are modified into pointed harc thorns in Citrus and Bougainvillea
(b) Axillary buds form slender and spirally coilec tendrils in cucumber and pumpkin
(c) Stem is flattened and fleshy in Opuntia anc modified to perform the function of leaves
(d) Rhizophora shows vertically upward growing roots that help to get oxygen for respiration
(e) Subaerially growing stems in grasses and strawberry help in vegetative propagation
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A

(a), (b), (d) and (e) Only

B

(b) and (c) Only

C

(a) and (d) Only

D

(b), (c), (d) and (e) Only

Q25. Which one of the following produces nitrogen fixing nodules on the roots of Alnus?

A

Beijernickia

B

Rhizobium

C

Frankia

D

Rhodospirillum

Q26. Which one of the following plants shows vexillary aestivation and diadelphous stamens ?

A

Solanum nigrum

B

Colchicum autumnale

C

Pisum sativum

D

Allium cepa

Q27. Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Cleistogamous flowers are invariably autogamous
Statement II : Cleistogamy is disadvantageous as there is no chance for cross pollination
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A

Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

B

Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

C

Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

D

Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

Q28. The process of translation of $mRNA$ to proteins begins as soon as :

A

The tRNA is activated and the larger subunit of ribosome encounters mRNA

B

The small subunit of ribosome encounters mRNA

C

The larger subunit of ribosome encounters mRNA

D

Both the subunits join together to bind with mRNA

Q29. The device which can remove particulate matter present in the exhaust from a thermal power plant is :

A

Catalytic Convertor

B

STP

C

Incinerator

D

Electrostatic Precipitator

Solution:

Electrostatic precipitators ( ESPs) are very efficient devices which remove 99% of particulates present in the industrial and thermal plant exhausts. There are electrode wires and a stage of collecting plates. The collecting plates are connected with ground. The electrode wires are provided with several thousand volts electric current. It creates a corona which releases electrons. The electrons attach to the suspended particles and make them negatively charged within a fraction of a second. Air with charged particles passes slowly over collecting plates. The particulate matter settles over them and are removed. So, the correct answer is 'Electrostatic precipitator'.

Q30. Exoskeleton of arthropods is composed of :

A

Glucosamine

B

Cutin

C

Cellulose

D

Chitin

Q31. DNA polymorphism forms the basis of :

A

Translation

B

Genetic mapping

C

DNA finger printing

D

Both genetic mapping and DNA finger printing

Q32. In old trees the greater part of secondary xylem is dark brown and resistant to insect attack due to :
(a) secretion of secondary metabolities and their deposition in the lumen of vessels.
(b) deposition of organic compounds like tannins and resins in the central layers of stem.
(c) deposition of suberin and aromatic substances in the outer layer of stem.
(d) deposition of tannins, gum, resin and aromatic substances in the peripheral layers of stem.
(e) presence of parenchyma cells, functionally active xylem elements and essential oils.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A

(b) and (d) Only

B

(a) and (b) Only

C

(c) and (d) Only

D

(d) and (e) Only

Q33. Which of the following is not observed during apoplastic pathway?

A

Apoplast is continuous and does not provide any barrier to water movement.

B

Movement of water occurs through intercellular spaces and wall of the cells.

C

The movement does not involve crossing of cell membrane

D

The movement is aided by cytoplasmic streaming

Q34. Given below are two statements:
Statement I : Mendel studied seven pairs of contrasting traits in pea plants and proposed the Laws of Inheritance
Statement II : Seven characters examined by Mendel in his experiment on pea plants were seed shape and colour, flower colour, pod shape and colour, flower position and stem height
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A

Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

B

Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

C

Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

D

Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

Q35. Production of Cucumber has increased manifold in recent years. Application of which of the following phytohormones has resulted in this increased yield as the hormone is known to produce female flowers in the plants :

A

Cytokinin

B

$ABA$

C

Gibberellin

D

Ethylene

Q36. While explaining interspecific interaction of population, $(+)$ sign is assigned for beneficial interaction, $(-) $ sign is assigned for detrimental interaction and $(0) $ for neutral interaction. Which of the following interactions can be assigned $(+)$ for one species and $(-)$ for another species involved in the interaction?

A

Competition

B

Predation

C

Amensalism

D

Commensalism

Q37. If a geneticist uses the blind approach for sequencing the whole genome of an organism, followed by assignment of function to different segments, the methodology adopted by him is called as:

A

Bioinformatics

B

Sequence annotation

C

Gene mapping

D

Expressed sequence tags

Q38. Which of the following occurs due to the presence of autosome linked dominant trait?

A

Thalessemia

B

Sickle cell anaemia

C

Myotonic dystrophy

D

Haemophilia

Q39. Which one of the following will accelerate phosphorus cycle?

A

Rain fall and storms

B

Burning of fossil fuels

C

Volcanic activity

D

Weathering of rocks

Q40. Read the following statements on lipids and find out correct set of statements :
(a) Lecithin found in the plasma membrane is a glycolipid
(b) Saturated fatty acids possess one or more $c = c$ bonds
(c) Gingely oil has lower melting point, hence remains as oil in winter
(d) Lipids are generally insoluble in water but soluble in some organic solvents
(e) When fatty acid is esterified with glycerol, monoglycerides are formed
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A

(a), (b) and (d) only

B

(a), (b) and (c) only

C

(a), (d) and (e) only

D

(c), (d) and (e) only

Q41. Which part of the fruit, labelled in the given figure makes it a false fruit?

A

$D \rightarrow$ Seed

B

$A \rightarrow$ Mesocarp

C

$B \rightarrow$ Endocarp

D

$C \rightarrow$ Thalamus

Q42. In the following palindromic base sequences of DNA, which one can be cut easily by particular restriction enzyme?

A

5' G T A T T C3' ; 3' CATA A G5'

B

5' GATACT3'; 3' CTATGA 5'

C

5' GAATTC3'; 3' CT T A A G 5'

D

5'CTCAGT3'; 3' GAGTCA 5'

Q43. Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason(R).
Assertion (A) : Mendel's law of Independent assortment does not hold good for the genes that are located closely on the same chromosome.
Reason (R): Closely located genes assort independently. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A

(A) is not correct but (R) is correct

B

Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

C

Both (A) and (R) are correct but ( R ) is not the correct explanation of (A)

D

(A) is correct but ( R ) is not correct

Q44. The entire fleet of buses in Delhi were converted to $CNG$ from diesel. In reference to this, which one of the following statements is false?

A

It can not be adulterated like diesel

B

CNG burns more efficiently than diesel

C

The same diesel engine is used in CNG buses making the cost of conversion low

D

It is cheaper than diesel

Q45. What is the role of large bundle shealth cells found around the vascular bundles in $C _{4}$ plants ?

A

To protect the vascular tissue from high light intensity

B

To provide the site for photorespiratory pathway

C

To increase the number of chloroplast for the operation of Calvin cycle

D

To enable the plant to tolerate high temperature

Q46. Transposons can be used during which one of the following ?

A

Gene sequencing

B

Polymerase Chain Reaction

C

Gene silencing

D

Autoradiography

Q47. Match the plant with the kind of life cycle it exhibits :

List I List II

a Spirogyra i Dominant diploid sporophyte vascular plant, with highly reduced male or female gametophyte

b Fern ii Dominant haploid free-living gametophyte

c Funaria iii Dominant diploid sporophyte alternating with reduced gametophyte called prothallus

d Cycas iv Dominant haploid leafy gametophyte alternating with partially dependent multicellular sporophyte

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A

(a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (iii)

B

(a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iii)

C

(a) - (ii), (b) - (iii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (i)

D

(a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii)

Q48. Addition of more solutes in a given solution will :

A

not affect the water potential at all

B

raise its water potential

C

lower its water potential

D

make its water potential zero

Q49. The anatomy of springwood shows some peculiar features. Identify the correct set of statements about springwood.
(a) It is also called as the earlywood
(b) In spring season cambium produces xylem elements with narrow vessels
(c) It is lighter in colour
(d) The springwood along with autumnwood shows alternate concentric rings forming annual rings
(e) It has lower density
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A

(c), (d) and (e) Only

B

(a), (b), (d) and (e) Only

C

(a), (c), (d) and (e) Only

D

(a), (b) and (d) Only

Q50. Match List - I with List - II.

List I List II

a Metacentric chromosome i Centromere situated close to the end forming one extremely short and one very long arms

b Acrocentric chromosome ii Centromere at the terminal end

c Sub-metacentric iii Centromere in the middle forming two equal arms of chromosomes

d Telocentric chromosome iv Centromere slightly away from the middle forming one shorter arm and one longer arm

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A

(a) - (i), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iii), (d) - (iv)

B

(a) - (iii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iv), (d) - (ii)

C

(a) - (i), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv)

D

NEET 2022 BotanyBiology Questions with Answers Key Solutions

Q1. Which one of the following never occurs during mitotic cell division?

Coiling and condensation of the chromatids

Spindle fibres attach to kinetochores of chromosomes

Movement of centrioles towards opposite poles

Pairing of homologous chromosomes

Q2. Which one of the following statements cannot be connected to Predation?

It is necessitated by nature to maintain the ecological balance

It helps in maintaining species diversity in a community

It might lead to extinction of a species

Both the interacting species are negatively impacted

Q3. Which one of the following plants does not show plasticity ?

Maize

Cotton

Coriander

Buttercup

Q4. The flowers are Zygomorphic in: (a) Mustard (b) Gulmohar (c) Cassia (d) Datura (e) Chilly Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

(c), (d), (e) Only

(a), (b), (c) Only

(b), (c) Only

(d), (e) Only

Q5. Which one of the following is not true regarding the release of energy during ATP synthesis through chemiosmosis? It involves :

Reduction of NADP to $NADPH _{2}$ on the stroma side of the membrane

Breakdown of proton gradient

Breakdown of electron gradient

Movement of protons across the membrane to the stroma

(A) is not correct but (R) is correct

Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of $( A )$

(A) is correct but (R) is not correct

Q7. Habitat loss and fragmentation, over exploitation, alien species invasion and co-extinction are causes for:

Natality

Population explosion

Competition

Biodiversity loss

Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

Q9. Identify the incorrect statement related to Pollination:

Moths and butterflies are the most dominant pollinating agents among insects

Pollination by water is quite rare in flowering plants

Pollination by wind is more common amongst abiotic pollination

Flowers produce foul odours to attract flies and beetles to get pollinated

Q10. Hydrocolloid carrageen is obtained from :

Phaeophyceae only

Chlorophyceae and Phaeophyceae

Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae

Rhodophyceae only

Q11. The appearance of recombination nodules on homologous chromosomes during meiosis characterizes :

Terminalization

Synaptonemal complex

Bivalent

Sites at which crossing over occurs

Q12. Which one of the following statement is not true regarding gel electrophoresis technique?

Bright orange coloured bands of DNA can be observed in the gel when exposed to UV light.

The process of extraction of separated DNA strands from gel is called elution.

The separated DNA fragments are stained by using ethidium bromide.

The presence of chromogenic substrate gives blue coloured DNA bands on the gel.

Q13. The gaseous plant growth regulator is used in plants to :

kill dicotyledonous weeds in the fields

speed up the malting process

promote root growth and roothair formation to increase the absorption surface

help overcome apical dominance

(a),(c),(d) and (e) Only

(a), (b) and (d) Only

(b), (c), (d) and (e) Only

none

Q15. Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

Volvox-Starch

Ectocarpus - Fucoxanthin

Ulothrix - Mannitol

Porphyra - Floridian Starch

Q16. What amount of energy is released from glucose during lactic acid fermentation ?

Less than $7\%$

Approximately $15 \%$

More than $18 \%$

About $ 10\%$

Q4. The flowers are Zygomorphic in:
(a) Mustard
(b) Gulmohar
(c) Cassia
(d) Datura
(e) Chilly
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

Q27. Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Cleistogamous flowers are invariably autogamous
Statement II : Cleistogamy is disadvantageous as there is no chance for cross pollination
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below: