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  4. The osmotic gradient between the cortex and medulla is created by

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Q. The osmotic gradient between the cortex and medulla is created by

Excretory Products and their Elimination

Solution:

The proximity between the Henle’s loop and vasa recta, as well as the counter current in them help in maintaining an increasing osmolarity towards the inner medullary interstitium, i.e., from 300 mOsmol$L^{-1}$ in the cortex to about 1200 mOsmol$L^{-1}$ in the inner medulla. This gradient is mainly caused by NaCl and urea