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Q. The orbital diagram in which Aufbau principle is violated is

IIT JEEIIT JEE 1988Structure of Atom

Solution:

In option $[c]$, Aufbau principle is violated. According to this rule, the orbital with lower value of $n$, i.e., $25$ will be filled first completely.
In option $[a]$ "Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity" is violated. According to this rule, the pairing of electrons in orbitals of a subshell does not take place untill all the orbitals of a subshell are singly occupied.