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Q.
Rain is falling vertically with a speed of $12 \,ms^{-1}$. A woman rides a bicycles with a speed of $12 \,ms^{-1}$ in east to west direction. What is the direction in which she should hold her umbrella?
To protect herself from the rain, the woman must hold her umbrella in the direction of the relative velocity of the rain with respect to the woman.
$\tan\, \theta= v _{ w } / v _{ f }=12\, m / s$
or, $\tan \,\theta=1$
or, $\theta=45^{\circ}$
Therefore, the direction in which she should hold her umbrella is $45^{\circ}$ toward west.