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  4. Assertion: 12 parts by mass of carbon in CO and CO2 molecules combine with 16 and 32 parts by mass of oxygen Reason: A given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by weight

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Q. Assertion: $12$ parts by mass of carbon in $CO$ and $CO_{2}$ molecules combine with $16$ and $32$ parts by mass of oxygen
Reason: A given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by weight

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Solution:

The masses of oxygen (i.e., $16 g$ and $32 g$ ) which combine with a fixed mass of carbon (i.e., $12 g$ ) bear a simple ratio, i.e., $16: 32$ or $1: 2$. This explains the law of multiple proportions.
Law of definite proportions states that a given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of element by weight, irrespective of the source.