Question

Which of the following has minimum $-I-$ effect?

• A. $-N{O}_2$
• B. $-COOH$
• C. $-F$
• D. $-\stackrel{+}{N}{R}_3$

Answer 1

Answer: (C)

$-I$ effect decreases in the order
$-\stackrel{+}{N}{R}_3>-N{O}_2>-COOH>-F$
Therefore, F has the minimum $-I$ effect.