When a fern plant arise from any cell of fern prothallus, it is called as apogamy. It is a process of development of a saprophyte from gametophyte without fertilisation. Apogamy was first time reported by Farlow (1874). Apospory is development of gametophyte directly from sporophytic tissue, such gametophyte have diploid number of chromosomes.
Parthenocarpy is development of fruit without fertilisation. Organogenesis is the development of organ and tissues.