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NTA AbhyasNTA Abhyas 2020Plant Kingdom
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Gymnosperm (gymnos - naked and Sperma - seed) are plants in which ovules are not enclosed by ovary wall and remain exposed both before and after fertilization. The seeds that develop post-fertilization are not covered, are naked. This is a very important character of gymnosperm. In angiosperms, the ovules are present inside the ovary attached to the placenta. Pteridophytes do not have ovules. Meiospores are formed inside sporangia. Depending upon spore differentiation plants are homosporous (similar spores) and heterosporous (with two type of spores), smaller male microspores and larger female megaspores. Sporangia are associated with leaves called sporophylls.