Q. Lysozyme that is present in perspiration, saliva and tears, destroys:
Solution:
There are basically two main types of immunities in our body, (i) Innate or Inborn or Non-specific immunity, and (ii) Acquired or Adaptive or Specific immunity.
The innate immunity is of the following types:
- Physical barriers are also called anatomical barriers. Skin, hairs in the external nostrils, mucous membranes are of this category.
- Physiological barriers are related to pH, temperature, or chemicals of the body. Tear, saliva containing lysozymes, wax (cerumen and sebum), gastric acidic pH are of this category. Lysozymes also known as muramidase or N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase, is an antimicrobial enzyme. This can destroy certain bacteria by breaking their cell wall.
- Cytokine barriers involve non-antibody proteins that are secreted by the infected cells. Interferons secreted due to viral infection, inflammation are of this category.
- Cellular barrier involves the phagocytic cells, like macrophages, leucocytes, Natural-Killer cells, etc. that have the invading properties.
The innate immunity is of the following types:
- Physical barriers are also called anatomical barriers. Skin, hairs in the external nostrils, mucous membranes are of this category.
- Physiological barriers are related to pH, temperature, or chemicals of the body. Tear, saliva containing lysozymes, wax (cerumen and sebum), gastric acidic pH are of this category. Lysozymes also known as muramidase or N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase, is an antimicrobial enzyme. This can destroy certain bacteria by breaking their cell wall.
- Cytokine barriers involve non-antibody proteins that are secreted by the infected cells. Interferons secreted due to viral infection, inflammation are of this category.
- Cellular barrier involves the phagocytic cells, like macrophages, leucocytes, Natural-Killer cells, etc. that have the invading properties.