Applying R2→R2+R3, and using sin(A+B)+sin(A−B)=2sinAcosB and cos(A+B)+cos(A−B)=2cosAcosB, we get ∣∣sinθ2sinθcos(2π/3)sin(θ−2π/3)cosθ2cosθcos(2π/3)cos(θ−2π/3)sin2θ2sin2θcos(4π/3)sin(2θ−4π/3)∣∣ Δ=∣∣sinθ−sinθsin(θ−2π/3)cosθ−cosθcos(θ−2π/3)sin2θ−sin2θsin(2θ−4π/3)∣∣ since cos(2π/3)=cos(π−π/3)=−cos(π/3)=−1/2 and cos(4π/3)=cos(π+π/3)=−cos(π/3)=−1/2 ⇒Δ=0[∵R1 and R2 are proportional. ]