Those sugars which contain 2,3,5,6 carbon atoms are known as monosaccharides.
Hexoses and pentoses have six and five carbon atom respectively so these are monosaccharides. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates which cannot be hydrolysed into simpler compounds eg, ribose C5H10O5 , glucose C6H12O6 , etc.
Disaccharides give two molecules of monosaccharides on hydrolysis, example sucrose, lactose maltose. All these have molecular formula. C12H22O11
Polysaccharides These are polymeric and give a large number of monosaccharide on hydrolysis eg, starch (C6H10O5)n
Oligosaccharides These are classified into disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides etc.