Q. Ethanol is commercially produced through a particular species of
Solution:
In industry, microbes are used to synthesize a number of products valuable to human beings, like beverages, alcohols, organic acids, enzymes, antibiotics and bioactive molecules.
Ethanol or ethyl alcohol is produced commercially on a large scale using different types of yeasts.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces sake, Saccharomyces piriformis are some of the most commonly used species for alcohol fermentation. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a bacterium called Zymomonas mobilis are most frequently used in the industrial production of ethanol. Yeasts are capable of directly fermenting simple sugars into ethanol, while in case of other microbes like bacteria, feedstock is first converted into fermentable sugars by the bacteria and then into ethanol.
Penicillium is mainly used for the production of antibiotics. Antibiotics have greatly improved our capacity to treat deadly diseases such as plague, whooping cough (kali khansi), diphtheria (galghotu) and leprosy (kusth rog), which used to kill millions all over the globe.
Streptococcus causes souring of milk and dental decay. Also, various infections such as scarlet fever and pneumonia.
Actinomycetes are gram-positive bacteria that produce various bioactive agents.
Ethanol or ethyl alcohol is produced commercially on a large scale using different types of yeasts.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces sake, Saccharomyces piriformis are some of the most commonly used species for alcohol fermentation. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a bacterium called Zymomonas mobilis are most frequently used in the industrial production of ethanol. Yeasts are capable of directly fermenting simple sugars into ethanol, while in case of other microbes like bacteria, feedstock is first converted into fermentable sugars by the bacteria and then into ethanol.
Streptococcus causes souring of milk and dental decay. Also, various infections such as scarlet fever and pneumonia.
Actinomycetes are gram-positive bacteria that produce various bioactive agents.