The separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis or sister chromatids during mitosis is called a disjunction.
Separation of sister chromatids takes place during anaphase, while in meiosis separation of homologous chromosomes take place during anaphase-I.
When disjunction fails during meiosis, the gametes thus formed have a number of chromosomes more or less to the genome set.
Non-disjunction causes aneuploidy.