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  4. Who are the pioneers of xerosere succession on barren rocks?

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Q. Who are the pioneers of xerosere succession on barren rocks?

NTA AbhyasNTA Abhyas 2020

Solution:

Pioneer community: The first biotic community that develops in a bare area is termed as a pioneer community. For example, lichens on a rock and phytoplankton in the pond.
They are usually lichens which are able to secrete acids to dissolve rock which helps in weathering and soil formation. Due to this, the habitat becomes more suitable for next seral stage, i.e., bryophytes.