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  4. Which will be the longest phase of cell cycle, without any G0 stage, in a common cell cycle?

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Q. Which will be the longest phase of cell cycle, without any G0 stage, in a common cell cycle?

NTA AbhyasNTA Abhyas 2020

Solution:

Howard and Pelc classified interphase into $G,S,G_{2}$ phase. $G_{1}$ phase in the longest phase of the cell cycle.
Interphase
Divided into three phases.
I G1–phase: G1-phase is also called post-mitotic phase as well as growth phase as during this phase cell synthesize mRNA, rRNA, tRNA and proteins. However, the majority of RNA formed is mRNA. Nucleus increases in size and G1-phase is highly variable in duration. During G1-phase all control mechanisms takes place, which will be discussed later.
II S–phase: During S-phase the DNA replicates so the diploid condition becomes tetraploid (2C to 4C) or from haploid to diploid (1C to 2C) depending upon cell’s chromatin material. During S-phase euchromatin replicates first, followed by heterochromatin. Kinetochore subunits are also synthesized during this phase. Histones are also synthesized during S-phase.
III G2–phase: This is second growth phase in which RNA and proteins are synthesized, the majority of RNA synthesized is rRNA. The DNA replication is totally stopped, cell organelles also divide in this phase.