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Q.
Which scientist credited for showing the role of penicillin as an antibiotic?
NTA AbhyasNTA Abhyas 2020
Solution:
Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by some microbes and can kill or inhibit the growth of other (disease-causing) microbes. This antimicrobial substance is widely active against bacteria and fight infections.
They are regarded as one of the most significant discoveries of the twentieth century and have contributed significantly to the welfare of human society. The organism which produces the toxic substance (antibiotic) is known as "antibiot."
The first antibiotic Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in the year 1928 when he noticed that a chemical secreted by the fungus Penicillium notatum inhibited the matte growth of Staphylococci on his unwashed plates.
However, its full potential as an effective antibiotic was established by Ernest Chain and Howard Florey. Chain and Florey were the first duos to do a clinical trial of Penicillin on a police constable from Oxford. They proved the efficacy of the drug by studying its curative effects in various infectious diseases.
Fleming, Chain, and Florey were awarded the Nobel prize in 1945 for this discovery.
Louis Pasteur is known as the father of microbiology. His most notable contribution is pasteurization, a process in which spoilage-prone food items like wine and milk are heated at a specific temperature for a few minutes or seconds to destroy all the harmful pathogens while retaining the viability of the necessary microflora.
He also disproved the theory of abiogenesis by proving that the air is the source of microorganisms instead of the nutrient media.
Workman's discovery was in genetics, where he highlighted the importance of histone balls in transcription.