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  4. Which one of the following pairs of hormones are the examples of those that can easily pass through the cell membrane of the target cell and bind to a receptor inside it (mostly in the nucleus)?

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Q. Which one of the following pairs of hormones are the examples of those that can easily pass through the cell membrane of the target cell and bind to a receptor inside it (mostly in the nucleus)?

NTA AbhyasNTA Abhyas 2022

Solution:

Hormonal action depends on whether the hormone is Lipid or water soluble. Lipid soluble hormones can cross the target cell membrane easily, get attached to the mobile receptors within the cytoplasm and reach the nucleus to perform their functions. Examples are cortisol, thyroxine, estrogen, progesterone etc. However water soluble hormones are proteinaceous and these include insulin, oxytocin etc. These cannot cross the cell membrane easily. These get attached to the static receptors on the cell membrane. This attachment triggers the formation of secondary messengers that help these hormones to act on cells. Estrogen and Progesterone are steroid hormones that means these are lipid soluble hormones. Hence these attach to receptors within the cytoplasm.