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Q. Which of the following is the most basic ?

UPSEEUPSEE 2012Amines

Solution:

Lone pair of electrons present at $N$ in $( a )$ is in $s p^{2}$ -hybrid orbital (less available).

Lone pair of electrons present at $N$ in $( b )$ is in hyperconjugation with benzene ring therefore, these are also less available.

Aniline is less basic in nature.

Lone pair of electrons of $N$ in (d) are available freely. So, this compound is the most basic.