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  4. Which of the following has the maximum acidic strength?

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Q. Which of the following has the maximum acidic strength?

JIPMERJIPMER 2004Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques

Solution:

$o$-nitrobenzoic acid is the strongest acid among these. $- NO _{2}$ group is a powerful electron withdrawing group and it has most effect when present at $o$-position. It is also known as o-effect. Due to its electron withdrawing nature electron density on H-atom in - COOH group becomes very less, hence it can be easily donated.