Thank you for reporting, we will resolve it shortly
Q.
Which of the following group(s) is/are $m$-directing?
Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques
Solution:
Although halogens are deactivating by -Ieffect, they are $o$ - and $p$-directing due to $+ R$ effect. $Ph -$ $CH = CH _2$ due to electromeric effect, donates $\pi e^{-}$s to the benzene and stabilizes intermediate $\sigma$ -
Also, $(- CHO )$ and $(- COOH )$ do not have LP $\bar{e}^{\prime}$ s and thus withdraw $\bar{e}^{\prime}$ s from benzene ring and deactivate the ring at $o$ - and $p$-position. Thus, they are $m$ directing
