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  4. Which of the following acid derivatives is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactions ?

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Q. Which of the following acid derivatives is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactions ?

UP CPMTUP CPMT 2014

Solution:

Acyl chlorides are the most reactive carboxylic acid derivatives towards nucleophilic substitution reactions followed by anhydrides, esters, and amides. The electronegative chlorine atom pulls electrons towards it in the $C — Cl$ bond, which makes the carbonyl carbon more electrophilic. This makes nucleophilic attack easier. Also, $Cl$ is an excellent leaving group.