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  4. When an α-particle of mass 'm' moving with velocity 'v' bombards on a heavy nucleus of charge 'Ze', its distance of closest approach from the nucleus depends on m as :

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Q. When an $\alpha$-particle of mass 'm' moving with velocity 'v' bombards on a heavy nucleus of charge 'Ze', its distance of closest approach from the nucleus depends on m as :

NEETNEET 2016

Solution:

At closest distance of approach, the kinetic energy of the particle will convert completely into electrostatic potential energy.
$\Rightarrow \, \frac{1}{2} mv^2 = \frac{KQq}{d} \, \Rightarrow \, d \propto \frac{1}{m}$