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Q. What will be the value of $pH$ of $0.01 \,mol \,dm^{-3}\, CH_3COOH$ $(K_a = 1.74 \times 10^{-5})$ ?

Equilibrium

Solution:

$CH_3COOH +H_2O \rightleftharpoons CH_3COO^- +H_3O^+$
$K_{a}=\frac{\left[CH_{3}COO^{-}\right]\left[H_{3}O^{+}\right]}{\left[CH_{3}COOH\right]}$
$K_{a}=\frac{\left[H_{3}O^{+}\right]^{2}}{\left[CH_{3}COOH\right]}\quad\left(\because \left[CH_{3}COO^{-}\right]=\left[H_{3}O^{+}\right]\right)$
$\left[H_{3}O^{+}\right]^{2}=K_{a}\left[CH_{3}COOH\right]$
$\left[H_{3}O^{+}\right]=\sqrt{K_{a}\left[CH_{3}COOH\right]}$
Given: $K_{a}=17.4\times10^{-5}, \left[CH_{3}COOH\right]$
$=0.01\,mol\,dm^{-3}$
$\left[H_{3}O^{+}\right]=\sqrt{1.74\times10^{-5}\times0.01}$
$=\sqrt{1.74\times10^{-7}}$
$\left[H_{3}O^{+}\right]=4.17\times10^{-4}$
$pH=-log\,\left[H_{3}O^{+}\right]$
$=-log\left(4.17\times10^{-4}\right)$
$=3.379\approx3.4$