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Q. What is the ratio of critical frequency for reflection of radiowaves from $E , F _{1}$ and $F _{2}$ layers in ionosphere of earth's atmosphere having electron density $2 \times 10^{11}$, $5 \times 10^{11}$ and $8 \times 10^{11} m ^{-3}$ respectively?

Communication Systems

Solution:

We know that $V_{c}=(\operatorname{Nmax})^{1 / 2}$
$\therefore y_{c} \propto(\operatorname{Nmax})^{1 / 2}$
$V_{ cE }: V _{ cF 1}: V _{ cF 2}=\left(2 \times 10^{11}\right)^{1 / 2}:\left(5 \times 10^{11}\right)^{1 / 2}:\left(8 \times 10^{11}\right)^{12}$
$=1.41: 2.24: 2.83$