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  4. Two equal charges q of opposite sign separated by a distance 2 a constitute an electric dipole of dipole moment p. If P is a point at a distance r from the centre of the dipole and the line joining centre to this point makes an angle q with the axis of the dipole, then the potential at the point P is given by (r > > 2 a)

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Q. Two equal charges $q$ of opposite sign separated by a distance $2 a$ constitute an electric dipole of dipole moment $p$. If $P$ is a point at a distance $r$ from the centre of the dipole and the line joining centre to this point makes an angle $q$ with the axis of the dipole, then the potential at the point $P$ is given by $(r > > 2 a)$

Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Solution:

$V=\frac{p \cos\, \theta}{4 \pi \varepsilon_{0}\left(r^{2}-a^{2} \cos ^{2} \theta\right)}$
$=\frac{p \cos \,\theta}{4 \pi \varepsilon_{0} r^{2}}$ when $2 a < < r$