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Q.
The shape of sulphate ion is
AMUAMU 2004
Solution:
Sulphate ion $\left( SO _{4}^{2-}\right)$ has tetrahedral geometry as in it S-atom undergoes $s p^{3}$-hybridisation.
The valence shell configuration of $S$ atom and oxygen atom are
$S$-atom (G.S.) $3 s^{2} 3 p_{x}^{2} 3 p_{y}^{1} 3 p_{z}^{1}$
$O$-atom (G.S.) $2 s^{2} 2 p_{x}^{2} 2 p_{y}^{1} 2 p_{z}^{1}$
$O ^{-}$ion (G.S.) $2 s^{2} 2 p_{x}^{2} 2 p_{y}^{2} 2 p_{z}^{1}$
$S$-atom in II excited state
$3 s^{1}, 3 p_{x}^{1} 3 p_{y}^{1} 3 p_{z}^{1} 3 d_{z^{2}}^{1} 3 d_{x^{2}-y^{2}}^{1}$
Due to $s p^{3}$-hybridisation four hybrid orbitals are directed towards four corners of tetrahedron. These half filled hybrid orbitals form four sigma bonds $\left[s p^{3}( S )-p( O )\right]$ with four O-atoms and two pi-bonds are formed by $d_{\pi}-p_{\pi}$ overlapping. Thus $SO _{4}^{2-}$ ion has tetrahedral geometry.
