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  4. The known oxidation states for both V and CO are

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Q. The known oxidation states for both $V$ and $CO$ are

AMUAMU 2013The d-and f-Block Elements

Solution:

Most of transition methods show variable valences or different oxidation states because of incomplete $d$ subshell.
The variable oxidation states are due to the participation of $n s$ and $(n-1) d$ electrons in bonding,
${ }_{23} V$ shows $+2,+3,+4$, and $+5$ oxidation states
${ }_{27} C o$ shows $+2+3+4$ oxidation states.
Therefore, known oxidation states for both $V$ and $Co$ are
$+2,+3,+4$ and $+5$