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  4. The highly resistant biological material of which the exine of a pollen grain is made up is called

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Q. The highly resistant biological material of which the exine of a pollen grain is made up is called

AMUAMU 1997

Solution:

: The pollen grain has a well defined wall which is differentiated into two layers - outer exine and inner intine. The exine is chiefly, composed of sporopollenin, a substance considered to be the oxidative polymer of carotenoids and/or carotenoid esters. It is a tough substance providing resistance to physical and biological decomposition and thus checks natural decay of pollen grains.