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  4. The germination where epicotyl elongates and becomes curved keeping the cotyledons underground is known as

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Q. The germination where epicotyl elongates and becomes curved keeping the cotyledons underground is known as

NTA AbhyasNTA Abhyas 2020

Solution:

The outgrowth of embryonic axis from the seed to initiate the growth is called germination. It can be different types as:-
Hypogeal germination is the type of germination in which the epicotyl elongates and cotyledons of the germinating seed remains below the soil and are non-photosynthetic. This type of germination implies that the cotyledons stay below the ground. The epicotyl (part of the stem above the cotyledon) grows, while the hypocotyl (part of the stem below the cotyledon) stays the same length. In this way, the epicotyl pushes the plumule above the ground. Also the terminal part of the epicotyl is curved in order to reduce damage to plumule by friction from soil particles.
While the epigeal germination is when the hypocotyl rapidly elongates and grows an upward outgrowth which results to pull the cotyledons moving above the soil. This ensures the germination of a plant taking place above the ground.
Vivipary is the condition in which embryo while remaining attached to the parent, breaks through the seed coat and germinates, thus coming out of the wall of fruit.