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  4. The frequencies of alleles 'A' and 'a' in a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are 0.7 and 0.3, respectively. In a random sample of 250 individuals taken from the population, how many are expected to be heterozygous?

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Q. The frequencies of alleles 'A' and 'a' in a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are 0.7 and 0.3, respectively. In a random sample of 250 individuals taken from the population, how many are expected to be heterozygous?

NTA AbhyasNTA Abhyas 2020Evolution

Solution:

The Hardy-Weinberg equation is a mathematical equation that can be used to calculate the genetic variation of a population at equilibrium. The equation is an expression of the principle known as Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which states that the amount of genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors. The Hardy-Weinberg equation is expressed as:
p2 + 2pq + q2 =1
Where p is the frequency of the 'A' allele and q is the frequency of the 'a' allele in the population. In the equation, p2 represents the frequency of the homozygous genotype AA, q2 represents the frequency of the homozygous genotype aa, and 2pq represents the frequency of the heterozygous genotype Aa. In the given question heterozygote will be 2pq X 250, i.e., 2 X 0.7 X 0.3 X 250 = 105