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  4. The electron density of a layer of ionosphere at a height 150 km from the earth's surface is 9 × 109 per m 3. For the sky transmission from this layer up to a range of 250 km, The critical frequency of the layer is

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Q. The electron density of a layer of ionosphere at a height $150\, km$ from the earth's surface is $9 \times 10^9$ per $m ^3$. For the sky transmission from this layer up to a range of $250 \,km$, The critical frequency of the layer is

Communication Systems

Solution:

$\quad f_c=9 \sqrt{ N _{ m }}=9 \times \sqrt{9 \times 10^{10}}$
$=2.7 \times 10^6 Hz =2.7\, MHz$