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  4. The citric acid is produced by

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Q. The citric acid is produced by

AIPMTAIPMT 1995Microbes in Human Welfare

Solution:

Citric acid is produced by aerobic fermentation of sucrose in beet molasses by Aspergillus niger. The fermentation process is completed in about 5-14 days at 27 - 33°C. Citric acid is made available in the market in the form of anhydrous crystalline chemical as powder. Citric acid is used in food industry (e.g. fruit drinks, confectionery, jams, jellies, preserved fruits), pharmacy (e.g. blood transfusion), consmetics (e.g. astringent lotions, shampoos and hair setting fluids), and industries (e.g. electroplating leather tanning).