Plants that utilise primarily RuBP to fix $CO _{2}$, which results in the formation of a $3$ carbon compound $(3 PGA)$ are called $C _{3}$ plants. Hatch and Slack proposed a new pathway in plants for $CO _{2}$ fixation via the carboxylation of PEP (phosphoenol pyruvate). Because the products are $4$ carbon compound, the plants are known as $C _{4}$ plants.