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  4. Stability of the species Li2 , Li2- , and Li2+ increases in the order of

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Q. Stability of the species $ Li_2 , Li_2^- , $ and $ Li_2^+ $ increases in the order of

JEE MainJEE Main 2013Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Solution:

$ Li_2 ( 3 + 3 = 6) = \sigma 1s^2 , {\sigma}^{*}1s^2 , \sigma 2s^2 $
Bond order $ = \frac{4 - 2}{2} = 1 $
$ Li_2^+ ( 3 + 3 - 1 = 5) = \sigma 1s^2, _{\sigma}^{*}1s^2, \sigma 2s^1 $
Bond order $ = \frac{3 - 2}{2} = \frac{1}{2} = 0.5 $
$ Li_2^- ( 3 + 3 + 1 = 7) = \sigma 1s^2, {\sigma}^{*}1s^2, \sigma 2s^1 $
Bond order $ = \frac{4 - 3}{2} = \frac{1}{2} = 0.5 $
Stability order is $ Li_2^- < Li_2^+ < Li_2 $ ( because $ Li_2^- $ has more
number of electrons in antibonding orbitals which
destabilises the species).