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  4. SO2 pollution is indicated by

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Q. $ SO_{2}$ pollution is indicated by

AMUAMU 2002

Solution:

Lichens are good indicators of air pollution as these are very sensitive to $SO _{2}$. Pollution of $SO _{2}$ causes intense irritation to eyes and respiratory tract. It is absorbed in the moist passage of upper respiratory tract, leading to swelling and stimulated mucus secretion.
$SO _{2}$ causes damage to higher plants, forming necrotic areas on leaf. Plants are more sensitive to $SO _{2}$ pollution. Higher concentration of $SO _{2}$ in air reduces the $pH$ of leaf tissues of some trees, increasing the total sulphur content of leaves and tree bark. It affects stomatal pores, stomatal frequency and trichomes as well as chloroplast structure.