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Q.
Refractive index of material is equal to tangent of polarizing angle. It is called:
AFMCAFMC 2005
Solution:
(a) Brewster's law states that when ordinary light is incident on a transparent surface at polarizing angle $ ({{i}_{p}}) $ for that surface, the tangent of angle of polarisation is equal to the refractive index $ (\mu ) $ of the medium of surface, that is,
$ \mu =\tan {{i}_{p}} $
(b) Lambert's law concerns to rate of absorption of radiation as it travels deeper into a medium. It states that the intensity $ I $ of radiation falls off exponentially with distance d in the medium.
$ I={{I}_{0}}{{\exp }^{-\alpha d}} $
(a) Brewster's law states that when ordinary light is incident on a transparent surface at polarising angle $\left(i_{p}\right)$ for that surface, the tangent of angle of polarisation is equal to the refractive index $(\mu)$ of the medium of surface, that is,
(b) Lambert's law concerns to rate of absorption of radiation as it travels deeper into a medium. It states that the intensity $I$ of radiation fails off exponentially with distance $d$ in the medium.
$I=I_{0} \exp ^{-a d}$
(c) Law of Malus states that intensity of light coming out of analyser is proportional to the square of the cosine of the angle between the plane of analyser and polariser.
$ I=I_{0}\cos ^{2}\theta $
(d) According to Bragg's law if a beam of $X$-rays of wavelength $ \lambda $ is directed at a crystal with parallel crystal planes that are distance d apart, then the reflected $X$-rays from each plane undergo interference.