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Q.
Photochemical reactions in the chloroplasts are directly involved in
AMUAMU 2005
Solution:
Photosynthesis is a complicated oxidation reduction process resulting ultimately in oxidation of water and reduction of $ CO_{2} $ . It is completed in two parts.
(i) Primary photochemical reaction or light reaction or Hill reaction In this reaction, assimilatory power (ATP + NADPH + $ H^{+} $ ) is generated and oxygen is released. This reaction occurs in presence of light in the grana part of the chloroplast.
(ii) Dark reaction or Blackmans reaction or Biosynthetic phase (path of carbon in photosynthesis) The dark (light independent) reaction is the second stage of photosynthesis. This is so called as it does not required light. It occurs in stroma portion of chloroplast. In this phase, ATP and NADPH produced by the non-cyclic electron pathway during first stage of photosynthesis are used to reduce $ CO_{2}$.
Formation of phosphoglyceric add takes place during fixation of $ CO_{2} $ , when carbon dioxide combines with ribulose bisphosphate in the presence of Rubisco to form first transitory $2$-carboxy $3$ keto $1, 5$-biphosphoribotol, which gets connected into a stable compound called PGA ($3$-Phosphoglyceric acid).