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  4. Permanent hardness of water can be removed by which of the following process?

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Q. Permanent hardness of water can be removed by which of the following process?

NTA AbhyasNTA Abhyas 2020The s-Block Elements

Solution:

Washing soda removes both the temporary and permanent hardness by converting soluble calcium and magnesium compounds into insoluble carbonates.

$CaCl_{2}+Na_{2}CO_{3} \rightarrow CaCO_{3}+2NaCl$

$CaSO_{4}+Na_{2}CO_{3} \rightarrow CaCO_{3}+Na_{2}SO_{4}$

$Ca \left( HCO _{3}\right)_{2}+ Na _{2} CO _{3} \rightarrow CaCO _{3}+2 NaHCO _{3}$