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Q. Permanent hardness of water can be removed by adding

Uttarkhand PMTUttarkhand PMT 2011

Solution:

Sodium carbonate removes both the temporary and permanent hardness by converting soluble calcium and magnesium compounds into in soluble carbonates.
$CaCl _{2}+ Na _{2} CO _{3} \rightarrow CaCO _{3}+2 NaCl $
$CaSO _{4}+ Na _{2} CO _{3} \rightarrow Na _{2} SO _{4}+ CaCO _{3}$