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Q.
$(p+q)^{2} = p^{2} + 2pq + q^{2} = 1$ represents an equation used in
Evolution
Solution:
Hardy-Weinberg principle describes a theoretical situation in which a population is undergoing no evolutionary changes. According to Hardy-Weinberg principle, the balance in the relative numbers of alleles that is maintained within a large population over a period of time assuming that : (i) mating is random (2) there is no natural selection (3) there is no migration (4) there is no mutation. In such a stable population, for a gene with two alleles A (dominant) and a (recessive). If the frequency of $A$ is $p$ and $a$ is $q$, then the frequencies of the three possible genotypes ($AA, Aa$ and $aa$) can be expressed by the Hardy-Weinberg equation; $p ^{2}+2 p q + q ^{2}=1$.