1. Tardigrade
  2. Question
  3. Chemistry
  4. Out of molality (m), molarity (M), formality (F), normality (N) and mole-fraction (x), the two quantities, independent of temperature, are:

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Q. Out of molality (m), molarity (M), formality (F), normality (N) and mole-fraction (x), the two quantities, independent of temperature, are:

JIPMERJIPMER 1996

Solution:

Molality (m) and mole-fraction (x) are independent of volume of solution, hence, also independent of the temperature. Their formula is based on only weights. $ m=\frac{\text{weight}\,\text{of}\,\text{solute}}{\text{molecular}\,\text{weight}\,\,\text{ }\!\!\times\!\!\text{ }\,\text{weight}\,\text{of}\,\text{solvent}} $ and $ \underset{\text{(of}\,\text{solute)}}{\mathop{x}}\,=\frac{\omega \text{/}m}{\frac{\omega }{m}+\frac{\omega }{M}}=\frac{\omega M}{\omega M+\omega m} $