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Q.
n-pentane and iso-pentane can be distinguished by:
Delhi UMET/DPMTDelhi UMET/DPMT 2003
Solution:
On oxidation with $KMnO_4$ $n$-pentane and iso-pentane give different oxidation products.
So, by identifying these products we can distinguish $n$-pentane and iso-pentane.
$CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2CH_3 \ce{->[(O)]} KMnO_4$
$\underset{1^{\circ} \text{alcohol}}{CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2OH} \, \underset{\text{iso- pentane}}{CH_3CH_2 -\underset{\overset{|}{C}H_3}{CH} - CH_3 } \ce{->[(O)]} KMnO_4$
$\underset{3^{\circ} \text{alcohol}}{CH_3CH_2 - \underset{\overset{|}{C}H_3}{\overset{\underset{|}{O}H}{C}} - CH_3}$
$n$ pentane gives $1^{\circ}$ alcohol and iso-pentane gives $3^{\circ}$ alcohol and the alcohols can be distinguished by Lucas test
$∴ n$-pentane and iso-pentane can be distinguished by $KMnO_4$ .