Question

Match the following and choose the correct option.

Column I		Column II
A	Pioneer community on lithosphere	I	Crustose lichens
B	Ecological succession	II	Mesophytes
C	Climax community	III	Ecosystem development
D	Ecological pyramid	IV	Elton

• A. A - III; B - II; C - IV; D - I
• B. A - III; B - I; C - IV; D - II
• C. A - I; B - III; C - II; D - IV
• D. A - II; B - III; C - IV; D - I

Answer 1

Answer: (C)

A : Pioneer community on lithosphere is crustose lichen. Pioneer species are the first to occupy bare ground. These plants are often intolerant of competition and especially of shading, and may be crowded out as the community develops.
B : Ecological succession is the process by which the structure of a biological community changes and evolves over time.
C : Climax community is the final stage of biotic succession attainable by a plant community in an area under the environmental conditions present at a particular time.
D : Ecological pyramid is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or bio productivity at each trophic level in a given ecosystem. Ecological pyramids were developed by Charles Elton (1927) and are, therefore, also called Eltonian pyramids.