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Q.
Match the column:
Column-I
Column-II
$a.$
Prophase
$\left(\right.i\left.\right)$
Nucleolus reappears.
$b.$
Metaphase
$\left(\right.ii\left.\right)$
Division of protoplast.
$c.$
Anaphase
$\left(\right.iii\left.\right)$
Chromosome completes its condensation.
$d.$
Telophase
$\left(\right.iv\left.\right)$
Spindle fibres start appearing near the nucleus.
$e.$
Cytokinesis
$\left(\right.v\left.\right)$
Chromosomes appear V, L, J and I shaped.
NTA AbhyasNTA Abhyas 2022
Solution:
Cell division is the phase in the cell cycle where the cell divides to form new daughter cells. Depending on the type of division - Mitosis - makes two new identical daughter cells and Meiosis - makes four new daughter cells with half the genetic content of the mother cell.
During the mitotic cell division, cell undergoes through stages of division ultimately dividing to form two new cells-
Prophase - It is the first stage of nuclear division and marked by condensation of chromosomal material. Centrosomes start moving towards to the opposite poles. Each of the centrosome radiate microtubules called spindle fibres that hold the chromosomes at centromere. The radiating centrosome looks like a start hence called as aster. Both centrosome and the spindle fibres are called as mitotic apparatus.
Metaphase - In this stage the nuclear envelope disintegrated completely and disappears. The condensation of the chromosome is complete. The condensed chromosomes start moving and arranging towards the equatorial plane with support from spindle fibres that bind to the kinetochore of centromere in each chromosome.
Anaphase - It is the shortest phase of the nuclear division. In this phase, each chromosome split and move away from the equator towards to the poles. The sister chromatids separate and show various shapes of the chromatids like V, I, L and J shaped.
Telophase - The last phase of nuclear division where the separated chromosomes cluster at the poles. The nuclear envelope reappears with decrease in cytoplasmic viscosity. Nucleolus, Golgi complex along with endoplasmic reticulum are reformed.
Cytokinesis - The last stage of cell division process. Once the nuclear content has been divided and separated in the karyokinesis process, the whole cell then divides to form new daughter cells by separation of the protoplast.