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  4. Lanthanide for which +II and +III oxidation states are common, is

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Q. Lanthanide for which $ +II $ and $ +III $ oxidation states are common, is

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Solution:

Outer electronic configuration of Eu (Z = 63) is $ 4{{f}^{7}}\,\,6{{s}^{2}} $ . As the outer electronic configuration of $ E{{u}^{2+}} $ is $ 4{{f}^{2}} $ , making it stable and all lanthanides show $ +3 $ oxidation state. Thus, Eu exhibits $ +2 $ and $ +3 $ oxidation states.