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  4. In the third group of qualitative analysis, the precipitating reagent is NH4OH/NH4OH. The function of NH4Cl is to

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Q. In the third group of qualitative analysis, the precipitating reagent is $NH_4OH/NH_4OH$. The function of $NH_4Cl$ is to

Equilibrium

Solution:

Common ion effect is observed when a solution of weak electrolyte is mixed with a solution of a strong electrolyte, which provides an ion common to that provided by a weak electrolyte.
The $NH _{4} OH$ is weak base it does not ionises completely. Thus due to presence of common ion $NH _{4}^{+}$in $NH _{4} Cl$, it suppresses the ionisation of weak base $NH _{4} OH$ in order to decrease the $OH ^{-}$concentration so that higher group cations will not get precipitated.
Thus the pair $NH _{4} OH + NH _{4} Cl$ shows common ion effect.
Ammonium chloride suppresses the ionization of ammonium hydroxide.