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Q. In the reaction of benzene with an electrophile $E^+$, the structure of the intermediate $\sigma$-complex can be represented as

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Solution:

In the reaction of benzene with an electrophile $E^+$, the structure of the intermediate $\sigma$ - complex can be represented as
image
The arenium ion is resonance stabilised, which can shown as
image
Option (d) would be correct only , if there would be a positive change.