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  4. In S N 1 (substitution nucleophilic unimolecular) reaction, the racemization takes place. It is due to

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Q. In $S _{ N } 1$ (substitution nucleophilic unimolecular) reaction, the racemization takes place. It is due to

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Solution:

In $S _{ N } 1$ mechanism, the intermediate formed is carbocation. As carbocation is planar thus the incoming nucleophile can attack from either side. Thus, both retention and inversion takes place resulting in racemization.